HIGHER SPIRITUAL VALUES, PRACTICAL ETHICAL ISSUES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17605/Keywords:
Value, spiritual value, meaning of life, freedom, happiness, balance of needs, freedom of choice and responsibility, rationality, charity, benevolence, violence.Abstract
Values are a concept used to express the significance of things and events, society, material and spiritual wealth. Values are studied in the West by the science of “Axiology”. This term was introduced into the field of scientific knowledge in the second half of the last century by the German axiologist E. Hartmann and the French scientist P. Lapi. Axiology can also be called the science of values or directly “Value Studies”. Just as there are basic concepts that give each science its name, the concept of “value” can also serve as the basis for the term “value studies”. Values also reflect the criteria and methods of evaluation of moral rules and norms, ideals and goals. They are manifested in the form of such qualities as honesty, purity, mutual assistance, justice, truthfulness, goodness, peace, personal freedom, love, hard work, patriotism, as well as moral concepts such as duty, conscience, honor, responsibility. Values, by their nature, have a socio-historical character. In the process of social development, they change and improve. Therefore, teachings about values also improve and develop. Values have various forms: material and spiritual, national, regional, universal, economic, social, political, cultural in terms of areas of social life; moral, religious, legal, etc., corresponding to forms of social consciousness.
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