DIGITAL PREDICTION OF SUPPORT DISPLACEMENT AND FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTICS IN COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMPLANT PROSTHETICS EFFECTIVENESS

Abstract

The implementation of functional occlusion management principles has important preventive significance in the fabrication of fixed dental prostheses. Fixed prostheses supported by implants play a special role, where ensuring the maximum axial direction of masticatory forces on the supporting elements is an important condition [1, 2]. From the perspective of dentists, occlusion is of significant importance, especially in restoring defects in dental arches and changing the position of teeth with an altered angle of load application. It is important to understand how contact occurs in the frontal and sagittal planes during parafunctional and functional activity of the masticatory apparatus. In this regard, there are currently several main concepts of occlusion: the concept of group function on the laterotrusion side; the concept of balanced occlusion; and the concept of canine guidance. The formation of functional occlusion during prosthetic treatment with fixed prostheses is the main task in optimally creating the occlusal surface of the replaced dental arch defect. Ensuring the safe use of prosthetic appliances is necessary to protect the supporting elements from excessive loads and to minimize their movement during the adaptation process [3, 4]. Digital methods for manufacturing fixed prostheses also allow for recording the displacement volume of supporting elements and structures. This will enable the creation of software for predicting the movement of abutment teeth and considering the obtained results when designing fixed prostheses. An important aspect requiring special attention is both the location of the supporting element and the nature of the support, i.e., implant or natural tooth. Since the degree of mobility of these elements differs, their reaction to overload also varies [5, 6]. The masticatory system adapts relatively easily to changes in occlusal relationships during short periods without load. With a disruption of dynamic equilibrium (tooth preparation), the vertical displacement is 40 μm per day, while the horizontal displacement is 30 μm per day. This process is reversible when fabricating a prosthetic appliance in the shortest possible time or when using temporary crowns. In this case, the formation of a safe occlusion occurs functionally.