GDP AS BOTH DRIVER AND DISTRACTION: A SECTOR-ATTRIBUTED ANALYSIS OF CO2 EMISSION DETERMINANTS
Keywords:
GDP-CO₂ paradox, sectoral attribution, multicollinearity, emission decoupling, environmental Kuznets curve, energy transitionAbstract
This study examines the paradoxical role of GDP in CO₂ emissions through a sector-attributed analysis of 23 years of national data. While GDP shows a significant negative relationship with total CO₂ emissions in isolation
References
Acheampong, A. O. (2018). Economic growth, CO2 emissions and energy consumption: What causes what and where? Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 1432–1450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.065
Al-Mulali, U., Ozturk, I., & Lean, H. H. (2015). The influence of economic growth, urbanization, and environmental degradation in the BRICS countries. Energy Economics, 50, 312–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.01.010
Dogan, E., & Turkekul, B. (2016). CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: Testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1412–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.078
Hao, Y., Zhu, L., & Ye, M. (2016). The dynamic relationship between energy consumption, investment and economic growth in China’s industrial sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 831–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.147
Li, K., Lin, B., & Ouyang, X. (2017). The nexus of energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in BRICS countries. Energy Policy, 104, 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.017
Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., Cavallaro, F., Loganathan, N., & Khoshnoudi, M. (2019). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 2798–2811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.236.
